Morteza Mirzaei - Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam - Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rezvan Seidmoradi - Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mona Rastegar Shariat Panahi - Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Ali Mohammad Latifi - Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds are chemical compounds used in pesticides that contain synthetic esters, amides, and thiol derivatives of phosphoric, and phosphonic acids. The OPs are harmful to humans and animals because of compounds such as parathion. By acting on nerve cells, parathion creates very dangerous cellular oxidative stresses, which in turn activate programmed cell death.Materials and Methods: In this study, the enzyme Organophosphorus Hydrolase (OPH) having esterase activity was selected with the aim of influencing its reaction product with parathion on the viability of human nerve cells. The neuroblastoma SH-SY۵Y cell line was exposed to parathion (۷۰۰ µg/ml) (≈ ۴۰% reduced cell viability) and the product of OPH esterase reaction (۱ µg/ml) with the same parathion concentration for two hours to determine their cytotoxicity (≈ ۲۵% reduced cell viability) by MTT, real-time PCR and flow cytometry techniques.Results: The results revealed that parathion (۱۰۰ µg/ml) inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity by ≈ ۶۵% while OPH-related product reduced acetylcholinesterase activity by ≈ ۲۶%.Conclusions: Considering the widespread use of OPs in modern agriculture, the OPH can be used to reduce the OPs’ destructive effects and the current study could provide new insight into healthy modern agriculture.