شناسایی و بررسی عوامل ایجادکننده عارضه اضمحلال پوست استخوانی ‭(Endocarp Lesion) ‬در میوه پسته

Recently, a new disorder (Endocarp Lesion) has been observed on pistachio fruit in Kerman province. This disorder has already appeared on "Kale ghochi", "Akbari" and "Ohadi" varieties in Kerman province and "Abbas Ali" variety in Semnan province (Damghan) and "Agh-pesteh" variety in Ghzvine province. "Kale ghochi" variety is the. most suspected one. The incidence on the pistachio fruit nearly early May in simultaneous with formation of shell and continues to early September. The symptoms of the Endocarp Lesion appear as a dark stain on the inner and outer surface of the shell begins from apex toward the stem end that covers approximately 2/3 of the shell. Then the inner surface of this fruit turn to white, healthy and diseased parts is distincted by a dark brown. At the time of shells hardening and Kernel formation stage, diseased parts become soft and elastic. White spot will appear on the hull of some of the infested fruits will appear a white spot and a red spot beyond the dark brown line. To study the role of pistachio bugs such as: Apodiphos amygdali, Lygaeus pandurus, Acrosternum spp., Brachynema spp. In relation to the new disorder an experiment was designed. Random trees of "Kale ghochi" variety were selected and one pair of bugs was caged on each healthy pistachio fruit clusters. This experiment proved that pistachio bugs were not able to cause Endocarp Lesion disease. The feeding symptoms of the bugs are different from Endocarp Lesion. No fungi agent, virus and bacteria have not been separated from the contaminated fruit. Study of climatic and weather agents like spring frost, temperature fluctuations, (day and night difference in temperature), insufficient chilling requirement on pistachio trees, hail, wind and sand damage, extreme summer heat as observed and comparing the symptoms of this disease with those of the above mentioned has determined that the mentioned agents have played no role in creating the mentioned disease and the symptoms resulting from them on pistachio fruit quite different from the Endocarp Lesion. Checking the role ofthe nutrient agents (Macro elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Microelements such as Zn, Cu, Fe, B) in connection with the mentioned disease shows that eXgept disease. Ca and Mg play a role in forming and strengthening the shell because of the mutual. Effects on each other and have an effective role in appearing the disease especially from the early fomiing of shell until complete hardening and ripening process.

کلیدواژه ها:

میوه پسته ، مناطق پسته کاری استان کرمان ، کرمان (استان) ، اضمحلال پوست استخوانی ، کلسیم ، شن زدگی ، تگرگ زدگی ، مسمومیت کلرورسدیم ، سن سبز ، سن قرمز ، پاتوژن گیاهی ، ماسوی پسته ، لکه نکروزه ، کله قوچی ، فندقی