BCG vaccine in bladder cancer treatment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESBladder cancer is the most common tumor in the urinary system, and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are two main forms of it. In addition to the primary application of the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis in children, it is a crucial part of the treatment for NMIBC. In terms of microbial cancer treatments, this vaccine is undoubtedly the most successful case to date when it comes to treating bladder cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODSFor this review, keywords such as bladder cancer, BCG vaccine, and treatment were searched in the titles of articles to find the best and newest ones. Out of ۹۹۲ results based on reliability, ۱۵ were selected.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIn patients with high-risk NMIBC, BCG maintenance treatments have been shown to be clinically beneficial in several trials. These therapies are still seen as having positive therapeutic effects, particularly in terms of preventing the recurrence of NMIBC. The most common side effects include dysuria, and urinary frequency.CONCLUSIONThe most commonly used method of treatment for patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC is BCG, which decreases the likelihood of cancer progression and recurrence and probably increases overall survival. Current data suggests a complicated interaction between innate immune cells, T cells, and cancer cells. Our comprehension of the variables affecting clinical response keeps getting better as we clarify the mechanism of BCG. By designing more potent BCG strains or by combining BCG with other treatments in a synergistic manner, these insights will enable us to better adapt the initial NMIBC treatment decision to the patient and enhance the BCG treatment of bladder cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

BCG vaccine ، treatment ، cancer ، bladder cancer