Probiotics Supplementation Effect on GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus)

Introduction GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), which is one of the most common endocrine problems during pregnancy and is diagnosed in the second or third trimester, covers ۵-۱۵% of pregnancies in the world. This disease occurs under the influence of various factors, the most important of which are dietary intake and BMI. If GDM is not controlled and progresses, it is associated with hypoglycemia, shoulder dystocia, congenital anomalies, breathing problems, macrosomia, and mortality before and after birth and birth trauma in the newborn; In the mother, it leads to an increase in the risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, in both the mother and the fetus, it is related to the subsequent risk of obesity, type ۲ diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. One of the most important solutions to this problem can be lifestyle changes, such as exercise and diet changes, and even the use of probiotics. Evidence-based studies show that supplementation with probiotics reduces insulin resistance, increases insulin sensitivity, improves glycemic profile, and finally prevents or improves symptoms in women with GDM.Methods Studies published between ۲۰۱۰ and ۲۰۲۳ that investigated the effect of probiotics supplementation on GDM were investigated by searching Google Scholar, Pubmed and Web of Science. From screened articles, relevant articles were reviewed.Result Based on the research conducted in this project, supplementation with probiotics can reduce the frequency of GDM and improve the symptoms in affected people by regulating the PPAR (Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors) signaling pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway and having a positive effect on glycemic control (lowering FBG, serum levels, and HOMA-IR) and exert beneficial outcomes on newborn’s weight and macrosomia risk. Also, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits have been observed in those with gestational diabetes. Probiotic supply modifies microbiota alterations that lead to reduction in intestinal permeability, and increased secretion of incretins.Conclusion The statistics of gestational diabetes around the world are expanding day by day and have attracted a lot of attention. Some studies suggest that probiotics have an effective role in controlling glucose and insulin levels and gestational diabetes improvement; But more studies and trials are needed to clarify all the factors involved in this field (such as prescribed dose, probiotic bacterial load, and necessary duration) and the pathogenesis of the disease so that it can be used in early diagnosis and potential prevention methods.

کلیدواژه ها:

Probiotic ، Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ، Supplementation ، Diet